Finding a function from the given equation
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
Let f be a polynomial satisfying $f(x^2)-xf(x) = x^4(x^2-1), x in R^+$. Then which of the following is correct?
A) f is an even function
B) f is an odd function
C) $lim_{xto infty} frac{f(x)}{x^3}=1$
D $lim_{xto infty} bigg(frac{f(x)}{x^2}-x bigg)$ exist and is equal to a non-zero quantity.
I have no idea what to do here.
Looking at the options, one thing I could guess is that the question wants us to find $f(x)$. After an analysis of few minutes, I could guess $f(x) = x^3$. But that gives me the answer as B), C). But the answer given is just C).
Any help would be appreciated.
calculus limits functions even-and-odd-functions
New contributor
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
Let f be a polynomial satisfying $f(x^2)-xf(x) = x^4(x^2-1), x in R^+$. Then which of the following is correct?
A) f is an even function
B) f is an odd function
C) $lim_{xto infty} frac{f(x)}{x^3}=1$
D $lim_{xto infty} bigg(frac{f(x)}{x^2}-x bigg)$ exist and is equal to a non-zero quantity.
I have no idea what to do here.
Looking at the options, one thing I could guess is that the question wants us to find $f(x)$. After an analysis of few minutes, I could guess $f(x) = x^3$. But that gives me the answer as B), C). But the answer given is just C).
Any help would be appreciated.
calculus limits functions even-and-odd-functions
New contributor
To ay that B) is true it is not enough to give one example. There may be other solutions which are not odd.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
1 hour ago
1
Check the condition that says this polynomial is only satisfied when $x epsilon R^+$. So you don't know if the function is odd or not.
– Sauhard Sharma
1 hour ago
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
Let f be a polynomial satisfying $f(x^2)-xf(x) = x^4(x^2-1), x in R^+$. Then which of the following is correct?
A) f is an even function
B) f is an odd function
C) $lim_{xto infty} frac{f(x)}{x^3}=1$
D $lim_{xto infty} bigg(frac{f(x)}{x^2}-x bigg)$ exist and is equal to a non-zero quantity.
I have no idea what to do here.
Looking at the options, one thing I could guess is that the question wants us to find $f(x)$. After an analysis of few minutes, I could guess $f(x) = x^3$. But that gives me the answer as B), C). But the answer given is just C).
Any help would be appreciated.
calculus limits functions even-and-odd-functions
New contributor
Let f be a polynomial satisfying $f(x^2)-xf(x) = x^4(x^2-1), x in R^+$. Then which of the following is correct?
A) f is an even function
B) f is an odd function
C) $lim_{xto infty} frac{f(x)}{x^3}=1$
D $lim_{xto infty} bigg(frac{f(x)}{x^2}-x bigg)$ exist and is equal to a non-zero quantity.
I have no idea what to do here.
Looking at the options, one thing I could guess is that the question wants us to find $f(x)$. After an analysis of few minutes, I could guess $f(x) = x^3$. But that gives me the answer as B), C). But the answer given is just C).
Any help would be appreciated.
calculus limits functions even-and-odd-functions
calculus limits functions even-and-odd-functions
New contributor
New contributor
New contributor
asked 1 hour ago
Tony
112
112
New contributor
New contributor
To ay that B) is true it is not enough to give one example. There may be other solutions which are not odd.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
1 hour ago
1
Check the condition that says this polynomial is only satisfied when $x epsilon R^+$. So you don't know if the function is odd or not.
– Sauhard Sharma
1 hour ago
add a comment |
To ay that B) is true it is not enough to give one example. There may be other solutions which are not odd.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
1 hour ago
1
Check the condition that says this polynomial is only satisfied when $x epsilon R^+$. So you don't know if the function is odd or not.
– Sauhard Sharma
1 hour ago
To ay that B) is true it is not enough to give one example. There may be other solutions which are not odd.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
1 hour ago
To ay that B) is true it is not enough to give one example. There may be other solutions which are not odd.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
1 hour ago
1
1
Check the condition that says this polynomial is only satisfied when $x epsilon R^+$. So you don't know if the function is odd or not.
– Sauhard Sharma
1 hour ago
Check the condition that says this polynomial is only satisfied when $x epsilon R^+$. So you don't know if the function is odd or not.
– Sauhard Sharma
1 hour ago
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
Some questions have been raised in the comments about my answer below. A polynomial on $mathbb R$ which satisfies the given functional equation on $[0,infty)$ necessarily has the form $ax+x^{3}$ on that interval. But then it must have the same form on all of $mathbb R$. So I think the answer below is correct.
Look at the degree of the polynomial. If $f$ has degree $n$ then LHS has degree $2n$ and RHS has degree $6$. Hence $f$ is a polynomial of degree 3. The constant term is $0$ because $f(0)=0$. Show that the term in $x^{2}$ also must vanish because $xf(x)=f(x^{2})-x^{6}+x^{4}$ is a polynomial with only even powers of $x$. I guess you can take it from here. [All solutions are of the form $ax+x^{3}$]. Final anwser: A) and D) are false (the limit in D) exists but it is $0$); B) and C) are true.
But the answer given is C).
– Tony
56 mins ago
I double checked my solution and it looks right. I think the answer given is wrong.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
52 mins ago
See Sauhard Sharma's comment. Can that be an explanation?
– Tony
43 mins ago
@Kavi One doubt: If a function gas the set of domain restricted to positive reals only, then how can we judge abouts odd character. I mean we can't do $f(-x) =-f(x)$ (taking x as positive) as it is not permissible for $f(x)$ to obtain negative value of x as its domain. Am I right? Or, am I missing something obvious?
– jayant98
41 mins ago
@jayant98 Please see the comments I have added to my answer. The equation is supposed to be satisfied only for $x$ positive but the polynomial is defined on the whole line and it is uniquely determined by its values on $[0,infty)$. So the question does make sense.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
8 mins ago
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
To expand on @KaviRamaMurthy's answer:
Let $f=sum^n a_kx^k$ where $a_nne 0$ for $xge 0$. Then
$$sum a_kx^{2k}-sum a_kx^{k+1}=x^6-x^4$$
$$sum a_kx^{2k}=sum a_kx^{k+1}+x^6-x^4$$
So $2nin [0,n+1]cup{6}$ which means $nle 1$ or $n=3$. So
$$f=b_0+b_1x+b_2x^2+b_3x^3$$ for $xge 0$. And then
$$b_0+b_1x^2+b_2x^4+b_3x^6=b_0x+b_1x^2+b_2x^3+b_3x^4+x^6-x^4$$
which means $b_3=1$ and then $b_2=0$: $b_1$ is unconstrained and $b_0=0$:
$$f(x)=x^3+b_1x.$$
The only way (B) can hold is if they meant
for $xin R^+$, $f$ is equal to a polynomial such that... but $f$ need not be a polynomial on all of $R$.
Any polynomial is defined on the whole real line (in fact the whole complex plane). The functional equation is given only on the positive real axis and that is enough to determine all solutions of the equation.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
5 mins ago
add a comment |
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
Some questions have been raised in the comments about my answer below. A polynomial on $mathbb R$ which satisfies the given functional equation on $[0,infty)$ necessarily has the form $ax+x^{3}$ on that interval. But then it must have the same form on all of $mathbb R$. So I think the answer below is correct.
Look at the degree of the polynomial. If $f$ has degree $n$ then LHS has degree $2n$ and RHS has degree $6$. Hence $f$ is a polynomial of degree 3. The constant term is $0$ because $f(0)=0$. Show that the term in $x^{2}$ also must vanish because $xf(x)=f(x^{2})-x^{6}+x^{4}$ is a polynomial with only even powers of $x$. I guess you can take it from here. [All solutions are of the form $ax+x^{3}$]. Final anwser: A) and D) are false (the limit in D) exists but it is $0$); B) and C) are true.
But the answer given is C).
– Tony
56 mins ago
I double checked my solution and it looks right. I think the answer given is wrong.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
52 mins ago
See Sauhard Sharma's comment. Can that be an explanation?
– Tony
43 mins ago
@Kavi One doubt: If a function gas the set of domain restricted to positive reals only, then how can we judge abouts odd character. I mean we can't do $f(-x) =-f(x)$ (taking x as positive) as it is not permissible for $f(x)$ to obtain negative value of x as its domain. Am I right? Or, am I missing something obvious?
– jayant98
41 mins ago
@jayant98 Please see the comments I have added to my answer. The equation is supposed to be satisfied only for $x$ positive but the polynomial is defined on the whole line and it is uniquely determined by its values on $[0,infty)$. So the question does make sense.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
8 mins ago
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
Some questions have been raised in the comments about my answer below. A polynomial on $mathbb R$ which satisfies the given functional equation on $[0,infty)$ necessarily has the form $ax+x^{3}$ on that interval. But then it must have the same form on all of $mathbb R$. So I think the answer below is correct.
Look at the degree of the polynomial. If $f$ has degree $n$ then LHS has degree $2n$ and RHS has degree $6$. Hence $f$ is a polynomial of degree 3. The constant term is $0$ because $f(0)=0$. Show that the term in $x^{2}$ also must vanish because $xf(x)=f(x^{2})-x^{6}+x^{4}$ is a polynomial with only even powers of $x$. I guess you can take it from here. [All solutions are of the form $ax+x^{3}$]. Final anwser: A) and D) are false (the limit in D) exists but it is $0$); B) and C) are true.
But the answer given is C).
– Tony
56 mins ago
I double checked my solution and it looks right. I think the answer given is wrong.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
52 mins ago
See Sauhard Sharma's comment. Can that be an explanation?
– Tony
43 mins ago
@Kavi One doubt: If a function gas the set of domain restricted to positive reals only, then how can we judge abouts odd character. I mean we can't do $f(-x) =-f(x)$ (taking x as positive) as it is not permissible for $f(x)$ to obtain negative value of x as its domain. Am I right? Or, am I missing something obvious?
– jayant98
41 mins ago
@jayant98 Please see the comments I have added to my answer. The equation is supposed to be satisfied only for $x$ positive but the polynomial is defined on the whole line and it is uniquely determined by its values on $[0,infty)$. So the question does make sense.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
8 mins ago
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
up vote
5
down vote
accepted
Some questions have been raised in the comments about my answer below. A polynomial on $mathbb R$ which satisfies the given functional equation on $[0,infty)$ necessarily has the form $ax+x^{3}$ on that interval. But then it must have the same form on all of $mathbb R$. So I think the answer below is correct.
Look at the degree of the polynomial. If $f$ has degree $n$ then LHS has degree $2n$ and RHS has degree $6$. Hence $f$ is a polynomial of degree 3. The constant term is $0$ because $f(0)=0$. Show that the term in $x^{2}$ also must vanish because $xf(x)=f(x^{2})-x^{6}+x^{4}$ is a polynomial with only even powers of $x$. I guess you can take it from here. [All solutions are of the form $ax+x^{3}$]. Final anwser: A) and D) are false (the limit in D) exists but it is $0$); B) and C) are true.
Some questions have been raised in the comments about my answer below. A polynomial on $mathbb R$ which satisfies the given functional equation on $[0,infty)$ necessarily has the form $ax+x^{3}$ on that interval. But then it must have the same form on all of $mathbb R$. So I think the answer below is correct.
Look at the degree of the polynomial. If $f$ has degree $n$ then LHS has degree $2n$ and RHS has degree $6$. Hence $f$ is a polynomial of degree 3. The constant term is $0$ because $f(0)=0$. Show that the term in $x^{2}$ also must vanish because $xf(x)=f(x^{2})-x^{6}+x^{4}$ is a polynomial with only even powers of $x$. I guess you can take it from here. [All solutions are of the form $ax+x^{3}$]. Final anwser: A) and D) are false (the limit in D) exists but it is $0$); B) and C) are true.
edited 10 mins ago
answered 1 hour ago
Kavi Rama Murthy
48.2k31854
48.2k31854
But the answer given is C).
– Tony
56 mins ago
I double checked my solution and it looks right. I think the answer given is wrong.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
52 mins ago
See Sauhard Sharma's comment. Can that be an explanation?
– Tony
43 mins ago
@Kavi One doubt: If a function gas the set of domain restricted to positive reals only, then how can we judge abouts odd character. I mean we can't do $f(-x) =-f(x)$ (taking x as positive) as it is not permissible for $f(x)$ to obtain negative value of x as its domain. Am I right? Or, am I missing something obvious?
– jayant98
41 mins ago
@jayant98 Please see the comments I have added to my answer. The equation is supposed to be satisfied only for $x$ positive but the polynomial is defined on the whole line and it is uniquely determined by its values on $[0,infty)$. So the question does make sense.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
8 mins ago
add a comment |
But the answer given is C).
– Tony
56 mins ago
I double checked my solution and it looks right. I think the answer given is wrong.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
52 mins ago
See Sauhard Sharma's comment. Can that be an explanation?
– Tony
43 mins ago
@Kavi One doubt: If a function gas the set of domain restricted to positive reals only, then how can we judge abouts odd character. I mean we can't do $f(-x) =-f(x)$ (taking x as positive) as it is not permissible for $f(x)$ to obtain negative value of x as its domain. Am I right? Or, am I missing something obvious?
– jayant98
41 mins ago
@jayant98 Please see the comments I have added to my answer. The equation is supposed to be satisfied only for $x$ positive but the polynomial is defined on the whole line and it is uniquely determined by its values on $[0,infty)$. So the question does make sense.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
8 mins ago
But the answer given is C).
– Tony
56 mins ago
But the answer given is C).
– Tony
56 mins ago
I double checked my solution and it looks right. I think the answer given is wrong.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
52 mins ago
I double checked my solution and it looks right. I think the answer given is wrong.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
52 mins ago
See Sauhard Sharma's comment. Can that be an explanation?
– Tony
43 mins ago
See Sauhard Sharma's comment. Can that be an explanation?
– Tony
43 mins ago
@Kavi One doubt: If a function gas the set of domain restricted to positive reals only, then how can we judge abouts odd character. I mean we can't do $f(-x) =-f(x)$ (taking x as positive) as it is not permissible for $f(x)$ to obtain negative value of x as its domain. Am I right? Or, am I missing something obvious?
– jayant98
41 mins ago
@Kavi One doubt: If a function gas the set of domain restricted to positive reals only, then how can we judge abouts odd character. I mean we can't do $f(-x) =-f(x)$ (taking x as positive) as it is not permissible for $f(x)$ to obtain negative value of x as its domain. Am I right? Or, am I missing something obvious?
– jayant98
41 mins ago
@jayant98 Please see the comments I have added to my answer. The equation is supposed to be satisfied only for $x$ positive but the polynomial is defined on the whole line and it is uniquely determined by its values on $[0,infty)$. So the question does make sense.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
8 mins ago
@jayant98 Please see the comments I have added to my answer. The equation is supposed to be satisfied only for $x$ positive but the polynomial is defined on the whole line and it is uniquely determined by its values on $[0,infty)$. So the question does make sense.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
8 mins ago
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
To expand on @KaviRamaMurthy's answer:
Let $f=sum^n a_kx^k$ where $a_nne 0$ for $xge 0$. Then
$$sum a_kx^{2k}-sum a_kx^{k+1}=x^6-x^4$$
$$sum a_kx^{2k}=sum a_kx^{k+1}+x^6-x^4$$
So $2nin [0,n+1]cup{6}$ which means $nle 1$ or $n=3$. So
$$f=b_0+b_1x+b_2x^2+b_3x^3$$ for $xge 0$. And then
$$b_0+b_1x^2+b_2x^4+b_3x^6=b_0x+b_1x^2+b_2x^3+b_3x^4+x^6-x^4$$
which means $b_3=1$ and then $b_2=0$: $b_1$ is unconstrained and $b_0=0$:
$$f(x)=x^3+b_1x.$$
The only way (B) can hold is if they meant
for $xin R^+$, $f$ is equal to a polynomial such that... but $f$ need not be a polynomial on all of $R$.
Any polynomial is defined on the whole real line (in fact the whole complex plane). The functional equation is given only on the positive real axis and that is enough to determine all solutions of the equation.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
5 mins ago
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
To expand on @KaviRamaMurthy's answer:
Let $f=sum^n a_kx^k$ where $a_nne 0$ for $xge 0$. Then
$$sum a_kx^{2k}-sum a_kx^{k+1}=x^6-x^4$$
$$sum a_kx^{2k}=sum a_kx^{k+1}+x^6-x^4$$
So $2nin [0,n+1]cup{6}$ which means $nle 1$ or $n=3$. So
$$f=b_0+b_1x+b_2x^2+b_3x^3$$ for $xge 0$. And then
$$b_0+b_1x^2+b_2x^4+b_3x^6=b_0x+b_1x^2+b_2x^3+b_3x^4+x^6-x^4$$
which means $b_3=1$ and then $b_2=0$: $b_1$ is unconstrained and $b_0=0$:
$$f(x)=x^3+b_1x.$$
The only way (B) can hold is if they meant
for $xin R^+$, $f$ is equal to a polynomial such that... but $f$ need not be a polynomial on all of $R$.
Any polynomial is defined on the whole real line (in fact the whole complex plane). The functional equation is given only on the positive real axis and that is enough to determine all solutions of the equation.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
5 mins ago
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
up vote
0
down vote
To expand on @KaviRamaMurthy's answer:
Let $f=sum^n a_kx^k$ where $a_nne 0$ for $xge 0$. Then
$$sum a_kx^{2k}-sum a_kx^{k+1}=x^6-x^4$$
$$sum a_kx^{2k}=sum a_kx^{k+1}+x^6-x^4$$
So $2nin [0,n+1]cup{6}$ which means $nle 1$ or $n=3$. So
$$f=b_0+b_1x+b_2x^2+b_3x^3$$ for $xge 0$. And then
$$b_0+b_1x^2+b_2x^4+b_3x^6=b_0x+b_1x^2+b_2x^3+b_3x^4+x^6-x^4$$
which means $b_3=1$ and then $b_2=0$: $b_1$ is unconstrained and $b_0=0$:
$$f(x)=x^3+b_1x.$$
The only way (B) can hold is if they meant
for $xin R^+$, $f$ is equal to a polynomial such that... but $f$ need not be a polynomial on all of $R$.
To expand on @KaviRamaMurthy's answer:
Let $f=sum^n a_kx^k$ where $a_nne 0$ for $xge 0$. Then
$$sum a_kx^{2k}-sum a_kx^{k+1}=x^6-x^4$$
$$sum a_kx^{2k}=sum a_kx^{k+1}+x^6-x^4$$
So $2nin [0,n+1]cup{6}$ which means $nle 1$ or $n=3$. So
$$f=b_0+b_1x+b_2x^2+b_3x^3$$ for $xge 0$. And then
$$b_0+b_1x^2+b_2x^4+b_3x^6=b_0x+b_1x^2+b_2x^3+b_3x^4+x^6-x^4$$
which means $b_3=1$ and then $b_2=0$: $b_1$ is unconstrained and $b_0=0$:
$$f(x)=x^3+b_1x.$$
The only way (B) can hold is if they meant
for $xin R^+$, $f$ is equal to a polynomial such that... but $f$ need not be a polynomial on all of $R$.
answered 39 mins ago
Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen
2,066818
2,066818
Any polynomial is defined on the whole real line (in fact the whole complex plane). The functional equation is given only on the positive real axis and that is enough to determine all solutions of the equation.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
5 mins ago
add a comment |
Any polynomial is defined on the whole real line (in fact the whole complex plane). The functional equation is given only on the positive real axis and that is enough to determine all solutions of the equation.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
5 mins ago
Any polynomial is defined on the whole real line (in fact the whole complex plane). The functional equation is given only on the positive real axis and that is enough to determine all solutions of the equation.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
5 mins ago
Any polynomial is defined on the whole real line (in fact the whole complex plane). The functional equation is given only on the positive real axis and that is enough to determine all solutions of the equation.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
5 mins ago
add a comment |
Tony is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Tony is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Tony is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Tony is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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To ay that B) is true it is not enough to give one example. There may be other solutions which are not odd.
– Kavi Rama Murthy
1 hour ago
1
Check the condition that says this polynomial is only satisfied when $x epsilon R^+$. So you don't know if the function is odd or not.
– Sauhard Sharma
1 hour ago