Sstrhsrtj

On Linux, is there a way for a shell script to check if its standard input is redirected from the null device (1, 3) ^*, ideally without reading anything?

The expected behavior would be:

./checkstdinnull

-> no

./checkstdinnull < /dev/null

-> yes

echo -n | ./checkstdinnull

-> no



EDIT



mknod secretunknownname c 1 3

exec 6<secretunknownname

rm secretunknownname

./checkstdinnull <&6

-> yes

I suspect I "just" need to read the maj/min number of the input device. But I can't find a way of doing that from the shell.

On linux, you can do it with:

stdin_is_dev_null(){ test "`stat -Lc %t:%T /dev/stdin`" = "`stat -Lc %t:%T /dev/null`"; }

On a linux without stat(1) (eg. the busybox on your router):

stdin_is_dev_null(){ ls -Ll /proc/self/fd/0 | grep -q ' 1,  *3 '; }

On *bsd:

stdin_is_dev_null(){ test "`stat -f %Z`" = "`stat -Lf %Z /dev/null`"; }

On systems like *bsd and solaris, /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/0 and /proc/PID/fd/0 are not "magical" symlinks as on linux, but character devices which will switch to the real file when opened. A stat(2) on their path will return something different than a fstat(2) on the opened file descriptor.

This means that the linux example will not work there, even with GNU coreutils installed. If the versions of GNU stat(1) is recent enough, you can use the - argument to let it do a fstat(2) on the file descriptor 0, just like the stat(1) from *bsd:

stdin_is_dev_null(){ test "`stat -Lc %t:%T -`" = "`stat -Lc %t:%T /dev/null`"; }

It's also very easy to do the check portably in any language which offers an interface to fstat(2), eg. in perl:

stdin_is_dev_null(){ perl -e 'exit((stat STDIN)[6]!=(stat "/dev/null")[6])'; }

On Linux, to determine whether standard input is redirected from /dev/null, you can check whether /proc/self/fd/0 has the same device and inode as /dev/null:

if [ /proc/self/fd/0 -ef /dev/null ]; then echo yes; else echo no; fi

You can use /dev/stdin instead of /proc/self/fd/0.

If you want to check whether standard input is redirected from the null device, you need to compare major and minor device numbers, for example using stat (see also mosvy’s answer):

if [ "$(stat -Lc %t:%T /dev/stdin)" = "$(stat -Lc %t:%T /dev/null)" ]; then echo yes; else echo no; fi

or, if you don’t care about this being Linux-specific,

if [ "$(stat -Lc %t:%T /dev/stdin)" = "1:3" ]; then echo yes; else echo no; fi

Portably, to check that stdin is the null device (open on /dev/null or not (like a copy of /dev/null)), with zsh (whose stat builtin predates both GNU and FreeBSD stat by the way (not IRIX' though))):

zmodload zsh/stat

if [ "$(stat +rdev -f 0)" = "$(stat +rdev /dev/null)" ]; then

  echo stdin is open on the null device

fi

(note that it doesn't say if the file descriptor was open in read-only, write-only or read+write mode).

To check that it's open on the current /dev/null file specifically (not /some/chroot/dev/null for instance), on Linux only (where /dev/stdin is implemented as a symlink to the file open on fd 0 instead of a special device which when open acts like a dup(0) in other systems):

if [ /dev/stdin -ef /dev/null ]; then

  echo stdin is open on /dev/null

fi

On non-Linux, you can try:

if sh -c 'lsof -tad0 -p"$$" /dev/null' > /dev/null 2>&-; then

  echo stdin is open on /dev/null

fi

In an EDIT you supplied this code as an example to reproduce the problem:

# mknod secretunknownname c 1 3

# exec 6<secretunknownname

# rm secretunknownname

# ./checkstdinnull <&6

yes

I'll code that into two functions (insecure, don't use unless you do know what you are doing):

# f(){ f=secretunknownname; mknod "$f" c "$1" "$2"; exec 6<$f; rm "$f"; }

# checkstdinnull(){ test "$(stat -Lc %t:%T /dev/stdin)" = "$(stat -Lc %t:%T /dev/null)" && echo yes || echo no; }

It works for the test cases you presented:

# checkstdinnull

no

# checkstdinnull < /dev/null

yes

# echo -n | ./checkstdinnull

no

And (apparently) for your edit:

# f 1 3

# checkstdinnull <&6

yes

But that doesn't actually check for /dev/null, only that the fd of the redirected file was 1:3 (it got deleted).

Try:

# f 1 5                        # not /dev/null

# checkstdinnull <&6

no

you seem to need something a bit more robust:

# checkstdinnull(){ 

             f="$(readlink -f /dev/stdin)";

        if [ "$f" = /dev/null ] || [ "$f" != "${f%(deleted)*}" ];

             then echo yes; else echo no; fi; 

        }





# checkstdinnull

no

# checkstdinnull </dev/null

yes

# echo -n | checkstdinnull

no

# f 1 3

# checkstdinnull <&6

yes

# f 1 5

# checkstdinnull <&6

yes

Note: this may fail positive if the device name contains (deleted) (very unlikely but worth knowing).